SEJARAH TENTANG BENJAMIN
FRANGKIIN
(os january 6,1707) was one
of the founding father of the united state of america frangklin was a renouwed
polymath of the reading of author printer,polisian freemason postmaster
scientist.inventor,homorist,
And a diplomat as a scientist
he was a major fugure and the history of pysyc for hes descovery and theories
regaden a electrysiti as.an inventor ,He is known.
for the lightning rod, bifocals,
and the Franklin stove, among other
inventions.[2] He
facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphia's fire department
and the University of Pennsylvania,
an Ivy League institution.[3]
Franklin earned the title of "The First
American" for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial
unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several
colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France,
he exemplified the emerging American nation.[4] Franklin
was foundational in defining the American ethos as a marriage of the practical
values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit, self-governing
institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious,
with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment. In the words of
historian Henry Steele Commager, "In a
Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without
its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat."[5] To Walter
Isaacson, this makes Franklin "the most accomplished
American of his age and the most influential in inventing the type of society
America would become."[6]
Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and
printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the
colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the
age of 23.[7] He
became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richard's Almanack, which he
authored under the pseudonym"Richard Saunders".
After 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a
newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the
British policies.
He pioneered and was first president of Academy and College of Philadelphia which
opened in 1751 and later became the University of Pennsylvania.
He organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and
was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a national hero in America as an
agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have
the Parliament of Great Britain repeal
the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat,
he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a
major figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations.
His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in
securing shipments of crucial munitions from France.
He was promoted to deputy postmaster-general for the
British colonies in 1753, having been Philadelphia postmaster for many years,
and this enabled him to set up the first national communications network.
During the Revolution, he became the first United States Postmaster General.
He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, as well as
national and international affairs. From 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of
Pennsylvania. He initially owned and dealt in slaves but,
by the 1750s, he argued against slavery from
an economic perspective and became one of the most prominent abolitionists.
His colorful life and legacy of scientific and
political achievement, and his status as one of America's most influential
Founding Fathers have seen Franklin honored more than two centuries after his
death on coinage and the $100 bill
Electricity
Benjamin Franklin
Drawing Electricity from the Sky c. 1816 at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, by Benjamin West
Franklin started
exploring the phenomenon of electricity in 1746 when he
saw some of Archibald Spencer's lectures using
static electricity for illustrations.[42] Franklin proposed
that "vitreous" and "resinous" electricity were not
different types of "electrical fluid" (as electricity
was called then), but the same "fluid" under different pressures.
(The same proposal was made independently that same year by William Watson.) Franklin was the
first to label them as positive and negative respectively,[43][44] and he was the
first to discover the principle of conservation of charge.[45] In 1748 he
constructed a multiple plate capacitor, that he called an "electrical
battery" (not to be confused with Volta's pile) by placing eleven
panes of glass sandwiched between lead plates, suspended with silk cords and
connected by wires.[46]
In recognition of his
work with electricity, Franklin received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1753, and in
1756 he became one of the few 18th-century Americans elected as a Fellow of the
Society. He received honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale universities (his
first).[47]The cgs unit
of electric charge has been named after him: one franklin (Fr) is
equal to one statcoulomb.
Benjamin
franklin
Benjamin Franklin (lahir di Boston, Massachusetts, Amerika
Serikat, 17 Januari 1706 – meninggal
di Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Amerika
Serikat, 17 April 1790 pada
umur 84 tahun) adalah seorang tokoh Amerika
Serikat yang terkenal dan telah meninggalkan banyak
karya di dalam hidupnya. Franklin adalah orang dengan banyak jenis pekerjaan dan keahlian. Ia
adalah seorang wartawan, penerbit, pengarang, filantrofis, abolisionis,
pelayan masyarakat (pejabat), ilmuwan, diplomat,
dan penemu sekaligus.
Franklin juga adalah salah seorang pemimpin Revolusi
Amerika, dan salah satu penandatangan Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika.
Kata-katanya banyak yang terkenal dan dikutip orang. Misalnya "waktu
adalah uang" kemungkinan besar berasal dari dirinya. Karena ia juga
seorang penerbit dan pemilik percetakan, banyak kata-katanya yang masih bisa
dibaca orang hingga sekarang karena ia juga banyak dan rajin menulis. Ia juga
terkenal dengan percobaanya mengenai listrik (penangkal
petir). Dia adalah Kepala Kantor Pos pertama di Amerika,
pembuat "perpustakaan umum" pertama,
dan orang pertama yang mengorganisasikan barisan pemadam kebakaran kota.
Benjamin Franklin ialah anggota Freemasonry.
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